Norwood Procedure
Norwood Procedure Diagram
Surgery is essential for patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS), requiring either a Norwood Procedure or the Sano Modification of the Norwood Procedure (or in some cases a heart transplant operation).

The Norwood surgery diagram at left illustrates how the base of the pulmonary artery and the narrowed aorta are combined with a homograft patch to construct a major blood vessel to the body. Also present is a small tube made of Gore-Tex known as a Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt (light blue in diagram). It is inserted between the pulmonary artery and the aorta to ensure blood flow to the lungs after the Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) closes.

The Sano Modification of the Norwood Operation involves the placement of a conduit between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle (instead of the aorta, as in the Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt).
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